— 降低風險 · EASY · MCQ —
一位病人因癲癇控制服用 Phenytoin（Dilantin）。為了降低口腔併發症風險，下列哪項指導最重要？
A client is prescribed phenytoin for seizure control. Which instruction is priority to teach to reduce the risk of oral complications?
- AUse a soft-bristled toothbrush and floss daily✓ 正解使用軟毛牙刷並每天使用牙線
- BIncrease vitamin C intake增加維生素C攝取量
- CTake the medication with an antacid與制酸劑一起服用藥物
- DDiscontinue the drug if gums bleed如果牙齦出血則停止用藥
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
Phenytoin 常見副作用之一是牙齦增生（Gingival hyperplasia）。良好的口腔衛生，包含軟毛刷清潔及每天使用牙線，能顯著減輕牙齦發炎的嚴重程度，降低增生的發生機率。不可自行停藥，以免癲癇發作失控。
Phenytoin commonly causes gingival hyperplasia, a side effect that can be significantly mitigated through rigorous oral hygiene practices such as using a soft-bristled toothbrush and flossing daily. Clients should never discontinue the medication abruptly due to the risk of uncontrolled seizures, regardless of gum changes.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台臨床皆視此副作用為教育重點，美國護理師常會強調定期牙科追蹤的重要性。