一位病人剛結束全髖關節置換術後兩小時,護理師應將哪些發現視為潛在併發症的高風險指標?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client who is two hours postoperative following a total hip arthroplasty. Which findings should the nurse identify as a priority risk for potential complication? (Select all that apply.)
- AClear yellow drainage on the dressing敷料上有清澈黃色的引流液
- BInability to move the toes of the affected extremity✓ 正解患肢腳趾無法活動
- CSudden onset of dyspnea and tachycardia✓ 正解突然出現呼吸困難和心搏過速
- DPain at the surgical site controlled by PCA手術部位疼痛經 PCA 控制
- ECapillary refill of 4 seconds on the affected foot✓ 正解患足毛細血管回填時間為 4 秒
髖關節置換術後監測重點在於神經血管完整性與急性致命性併發症。B(無法移動腳趾)暗示可能出現神經損傷或室症候群;E(微血管回填 > 3 秒)顯示末梢循環不良,暗示有動脈阻塞或過度腫脹;C(突發呼吸困難與心跳過快)是肺栓塞(PE)的典型徵兆,這對術後病人是致命性風險。A(黃色分泌物)在術後早期通常是正常的組織液滲出,除非有惡臭或紅腫;D(疼痛控制良好)是正常的術後預期目標。護理思路在於辨別「正常反應」與「威脅生命的併發症」,並立即採取行動通知手術醫師。
Priority risks include inability to move toes, which indicates neurovascular compromise; sudden dyspnea and tachycardia, suggesting pulmonary embolism; and capillary refill of 4 seconds, indicating impaired peripheral perfusion.
美國護理師常依據術後評估量表進行神經血管評估,且對 PE 的徵兆警覺性極高,台灣護理作業較依賴交班後的觀察,且對於使用 PCA 病人的神經血管評估次數標準有時不如美國嚴謹。