— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師評估一位新診斷第 1 型糖尿病的病人。下列哪項發現需要立即關注？
A nurse is assessing a client with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Which of the following findings requires immediate attention?
- APolydipsia and polyuria多渴與多尿
- BBlood glucose of 200 mg/dL血糖 200 mg/dL
- CFruity breath odor and Kussmaul respirations✓ 正解呼氣有水果味且出現庫斯莫爾氏呼吸（Kussmaul respirations）
- DFatigue and weight loss疲倦與體重減輕
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
糖尿病酮酸中毒（DKA）是第 1 型糖尿病的急性且致命併發症。果味口氣（fruity breath odor）是由於酮體（ketones）中的丙酮（acetone）揮發所致，而庫斯莫爾呼吸（Kussmaul respirations）則是身體為了透過排出二氧化碳來代償代謝性酸中毒（metabolic acidosis）的深快呼吸模式。這兩項發現提示嚴重酸中毒，必須立即啟動 DKA 處置流程。
Fruity breath odor and Kussmaul respirations are critical indicators of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening metabolic emergency characterized by severe acidosis. These signs require immediate intervention to stabilize the client, whereas other symptoms like polyuria or fatigue are less acutely dangerous.