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一位第一型糖尿病患者出現酮酸中毒(DKA),哪些評估結果支持此診斷?(選所有適合的)

A nurse is caring for a client with Type 1 Diabetes who presents with DKA. Which assessment findings support this diagnosis? (Select all that apply.)

  • AKussmaul respirations✓ 正解
    庫斯莫爾氏呼吸(Kussmaul respirations)
  • BFruity breath odor✓ 正解
    水果味口臭
  • CSerum glucose 150 mg/dL
    血清葡萄糖 150 mg/dL
  • DMetabolic alkalosis
    代謝性鹼中毒
  • EKetones in the urine✓ 正解
    尿液中存在酮體
Explanation · 中文詳解

糖尿病酮酸中毒(DKA)是第一型糖尿病的嚴重急性併發症。其病理機制為胰島素極度缺乏導致脂肪分解產生酮體,造成代謝性酸中毒。臨床表現包括:高血糖(通常 >250 mg/dL)、呼吸出現丙酮水果味、代償性的庫斯莫爾氏呼吸(Kussmaul respirations,深快呼吸以排出二氧化碳),以及尿液中出現酮體(Ketones)。

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe acute complication of type 1 diabetes. Its pathophysiology involves profound insulin deficiency, which leads to lipolysis with production of ketone bodies and metabolic acidosis. Clinical manifestations include hyperglycemia (typically > 250 mg/dL), a fruity (acetone) breath odor, compensatory Kussmaul respirations (deep, rapid breathing to exhale CO2), and ketones in the urine.

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