— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師正在照護一位低鉀血症的病人,應監測哪些臨床表現?(選所有適合的)
A nurse is caring for a client with hypokalemia. Which manifestations should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)
- AMuscle weakness✓ 正解肌肉無力
- BCardiac dysrhythmias✓ 正解心律不整
- CHyperactive bowel sounds腸鳴音亢進
- DDeep tendon reflex depression✓ 正解深層肌腱反射減退
- ETall, peaked T-waves高大尖銳的T波
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低鉀會導致神經肌肉傳導異常,引起肌肉無力與深部肌腱反射減弱(Hyporeflexia)。對心臟而言,會產生心律不整及心電圖變化(如 U 波出現、T 波平坦)。腸蠕動減少(而非增強),Tall T-waves 則是高血鉀的表現。
Hypokalemia impairs neuromuscular transmission, leading to skeletal muscle weakness and depressed deep tendon reflexes. It also causes electrical instability in the heart, resulting in cardiac dysrhythmias. Unlike hyperkalemia, which presents with tall peaked T-waves, hypokalemia typically decreases bowel motility rather than increasing it.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美臨床對於補鉀的安全規範(如靜脈濃度限制)大致相同,但美國依據 Protocol 給藥的空間較大。