— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位處於躁狂狀態的病人正在走廊來回走動並大聲說話。護理師採取下列哪項措施最合適？
A client in a manic state is pacing the hall and talking loudly. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
- AAsk the client to be quiet so others can rest請病人安靜以便其他人休息
- BJoin the client in the hall to discuss their energy與病人一同在走廊討論其精力
- CDirect the client to a quieter area to minimize stimulation✓ 正解引導病人至較安靜區域以減少刺激
- DAssign the client to a group activity to burn energy指派病人參加團體活動以消耗精力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁狂病人處於高能量、高刺激敏感度狀態，環境刺激會進一步加劇其亢奮。將病人引導至安靜區域（低刺激環境）是管理躁動的最有效非藥物措施。直接要求安靜通常無效，參與討論則可能被視為干擾，過多的團體活動則會導致過度疲勞或衝突。
Constant bubbling in the water seal chamber suggests an air leak within the drainage system, which requires immediate investigation. Unlike intermittent bubbling associated with normal respiration or coughing, continuous bubbling indicates a breach in system integrity or a persistent pulmonary leak that must be addressed.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國精神科病房強調 Milieu Therapy（環境治療）；台灣在精神科病房中同樣重視，但空間規劃與人力配置常受限。