護理師正在照護一名 4 小時前接受過全人工髖關節置換術的病人。為了降低假體脫位的風險,護理師採取哪項措施最為重要?
A nurse is caring for a client who underwent a total hip arthroplasty 4 hours ago. Which action is most important for the nurse to take to reduce the risk of prosthesis dislocation?
- APlace an abductor pillow between the client's legs while in bed.✓ 正解病人在床上時,雙腿之間放置外展枕。
- BAdminister prescribed prophylactic anticoagulants.給予處方之預防性抗凝血劑。
- CEncourage the client to perform ankle pumps every hour.鼓勵病人每小時進行踝泵運動。
- DMonitor the surgical site for signs of excessive drainage.監測手術部位是否有過度滲液的跡象。
全髖關節置換術後,預防假體脫位是術後初期的首要護理目標。核心概念在於維持手術肢體於外展位(abduction),避免內收(adduction)與過度屈曲(flexion > 90度)。使用外展枕(abductor pillow)能有效防止病人在睡眠或翻身時發生交叉雙腿的動作,這是最常見導致脫位的原因。雖然踝泵運動(C)可預防 DVT,抗凝劑(B)預防血栓,監測傷口(D)預防出血或感染,但這些都屬於預防其他併發症。針對「脫位(dislocation)」這一特定風險,物理性的姿勢維持才是直接且最關鍵的介入措施。護理人員必須在每次翻身或移動病人前,確認外展枕位置正確,並教育病人避免彎腰穿鞋或深坐沙發等動作。
An abductor pillow maintains the hip in a neutral, abducted position, which is crucial for preventing prosthetic dislocation after total hip arthroplasty. This physical intervention directly addresses the risk of adduction or excessive flexion during rest, unlike measures focused on thrombosis prevention or wound monitoring.
在美國,全髖關節置換後的護理路徑(Clinical Pathway)非常強調術後當天即由物理治療師引導下床,護理師需嚴格執行 Abduction 協定。台灣則常會看到使用沙袋固定或較長期的平臥要求,且在衛教上,美國更強調「髖關節禁忌(Hip Precautions)」的居家環境改造評估。