一位腎臟移植後病人，下列哪項發現必須立即回報醫師？
A nurse is caring for a client post-kidney transplant. Which finding is the most critical to report to the physician?
- ALow-grade fever of 37.8°C攝氏37.8度的低度發燒
- BDecreased urine output to 20 mL/hr✓ 正解尿量減少至每小時20毫升
- CSlight tenderness over the graft site移植物部位有輕微壓痛
- DBlood pressure 140/90 mmHg血壓140/90毫米汞柱
腎臟移植術後，尿量（urine output）是評估移植腎功能（graft function）最敏感的指標。尿量驟減（少尿，oliguria）是移植排斥（rejection）或灌流不足（perfusion insufficiency）的早期危險訊號，若不及時處理，可能導致移植物永久性損壞，甚至需要重新回到洗腎狀態。
Decreased urine output is the most critical finding to report as it may indicate early graft rejection or compromised renal perfusion following a kidney transplant. Prompt identification of oliguria allows for immediate medical intervention to preserve the transplanted organ, whereas low-grade fever, mild tenderness, and controlled hypertension are common postoperative findings.
美國腎臟移植術後照護極度依賴嚴格的液體平衡（I/O）紀錄，護理師通常有權直接執行 hourly urine output check。在台灣，雖然也重視 I/O，但護理師的自主權限在於發現後回報醫師，而美國護理師常依據 protocol 直接採取初步行動（如增加輸液或檢查管路）。