— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · SATA —
低血容積休克的病患會出現哪些徵兆？（選所有適合的）
Which signs or symptoms are expected in a client with hypovolemic shock? (Select all that apply.)
- ATachycardia✓ 正解心跳過速
- BDecreased urine output✓ 正解尿液排出量減少
- CWarm, flushed skin溫暖、潮紅的皮膚
- DHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- EConfusion or altered mental status✓ 正解意識混亂或精神狀態改變
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
低血容積休克是因循環血量不足導致器官灌流不足。身體會啟動代償機制導致心跳過速（Tachycardia），隨後因血壓（Hypotension）下降、腎灌流不足導致尿量減少（Oliguria）。此外，大腦缺氧會導致意識混亂。皮膚通常是濕冷蒼白，而非溫暖潮紅。
Hypovolemic shock occurs when insufficient circulating volume leads to inadequate organ perfusion. The body activates compensatory mechanisms, causing tachycardia, followed by hypotension and decreased urine output (oliguria) due to reduced renal perfusion. In addition, cerebral hypoxia causes confusion. The skin is typically cold, clammy, and pale, rather than warm and flushed.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國使用 Early Warning Score (EWS) 系統自動預警；台灣則多仰賴護理師的臨床評估與經驗回報。