— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位疑似診斷為尿崩症的病人，護理師應監測哪項臨床表現？
A nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of diabetes insipidus. Which manifestation should the nurse monitor for?
- AWeight gain due to water retention因水分滯留造成的體重增加
- BHigh urine specific gravity高尿液比重的尿液
- CExcessive dilute urine output✓ 正解過量稀釋尿液的排出
- DDecreased serum sodium血清鈉濃度降低
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
尿崩症（Diabetes Insipidus）源於抗利尿激素（ADH）缺乏或對其產生抗性。腎小管無法再吸收水分，導致大量稀釋尿液排出。病人會出現煩渴（Polydipsia）與多尿（Polyuria）。尿比重會因為缺乏溶質而下降，血鈉則因水分流失過多而上升（高鈉血症）。體重通常會下降而非增加。
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria, or excessive output of dilute urine, due to the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine without adequate antidiuretic hormone. This leads to dehydration, weight loss, low urine specific gravity, and hypernatremia.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩地對尿崩症診斷皆依賴去氨加壓素試驗，但美國護理師在監測 I/O 時常使用電子化自動紀錄系統。