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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師照護一位甲狀腺切除術後 2 小時的病人。病人主訴手指尖和嘴巴周圍有刺痛感。護理師應優先採取哪項行動?

A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 hours post-thyroidectomy. The client reports a tingling sensation in the fingertips and around the mouth. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • AAdminister a prescribed analgesic
    給予處方止痛藥
  • BAssess for Chvostek's sign✓ 正解
    評估是否存在 Chvostek 徵象
  • CEncourage the client to take deep breaths
    鼓勵病人深呼吸
  • DCheck the client's surgical dressing for bleeding
    檢查病人手術敷料是否有出血
Explanation · 中文詳解

甲狀腺切除術後最嚴重的併發症之一是意外損傷副甲狀腺,導致副甲狀腺素(PTH)分泌不足,進而引發急性低血鈣。病人的主訴(指尖與口周刺痛)是低血鈣引發神經肌肉興奮性增高的早期典型徵兆。臨床思路應為:識別症狀 → 連結解剖位置併發症 → 物理評估確認。Chvostek's sign(輕叩耳前臉部神經引起面肌抽搐)是評估低血鈣的神經肌肉反應。若不處理,可能演變為喉頭痙攣或全身抽搐。選項 D 雖然重要(出血會壓迫氣管),但與「刺痛感」無直接關聯;選項 A 無法解決根本電解質問題;選項 C 甚至可能因為過度換氣加重鹼中毒,進一步降低游離鈣離子濃度,使症狀惡化。

Tingling sensations around the mouth and fingertips indicate early signs of hypocalcemia due to potential parathyroid injury during thyroidectomy. The nurse should first assess for Chvostek's sign to confirm neuromuscular irritability, as this finding helps validate the need for immediate calcium replacement to prevent life-threatening complications like laryngospasm.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國 NCLEX 邏輯中,這屬於「識別高風險併發症」的典型考題。在台灣實務中,術後電解質通常會常規抽血監測,但護理師在第一線觀察到症狀後,必須能立即聯想到副甲狀腺受損,而非僅僅將其視為術後一般不適,這點在兩地護理教育中都極度強調。

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