— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些護理措施有助於預防中風病人的吸入性肺炎？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions helps prevent aspiration in a stroke client? (Select all that apply.)
- ASit the client upright at 90 degrees✓ 正解將病人置於九十度坐姿
- BAdd fluids to thicken the diet✓ 正解添加增稠劑於飲食中的液體
- COffer small, frequent bites✓ 正解提供少量多餐
- DEncourage the client to talk while eating鼓勵病人在進食時說話
- ECheck for pocketing of food✓ 正解檢查是否有食物殘留於口腔內
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
中風病人易有吞嚥困難。預防誤吸措施：進食時坐直（90度）、遵照言語治療師指示使用增稠劑（Thickener）、少量多餐、進食後檢查口腔有無殘留食物（Pocketing）。談話會干擾吞嚥協調，進食時應保持專注，不應說話。
To prevent aspiration, the nurse should sit the client upright at 90 degrees, use thickened fluids as prescribed, offer small bites, and check for food pocketing. Encouraging the client to talk while eating is unsafe as it disrupts swallowing coordination and increases aspiration risk.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台皆重視吞嚥評估（Swallow Screen），但在美國醫院常有專責語言治療師進行吞嚥錄影評估（VFSS）。