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照護管理 · MEDIUM · MCQ

護理師正在照護多位病人,應優先評估哪一位?

A nurse is caring for multiple clients. Which client should the nurse assess first?

  • AA client post-thyroidectomy who is complaining of tingling in the fingers and toes.
    一位剛接受甲狀腺切除術,抱怨手指和腳趾刺痛的患者。
  • BA client with pneumonia who has an oxygen saturation of 91% on room air.
    一位肺炎患者,在呼吸空氣下血氧飽和度為91%。
  • CA client with diabetes whose blood glucose was 72 mg/dL before breakfast.
    一位糖尿病患者,早餐前血糖為72 mg/dL。
  • DA client with a fractured femur who reports sudden-onset shortness of breath and chest pain.✓ 正解
    一位股骨骨折患者,報告突然出現的呼吸困難和胸痛。
Explanation · 中文詳解

在優先順序判斷中,應遵循 ABC(呼吸、循環)以及潛在的致命併發症。選項 D 的病患有大腿骨骨折史,突發呼吸短促與胸痛是「脂肪栓塞症候群」(Fat Embolism Syndrome)或肺栓塞的典型表現,這具有高度致命性且屬於急性循環與呼吸障礙,必須立即處置。選項 A 的手腳發麻可能暗示術後副甲狀腺損傷導致的低血鈣,雖需處理但非立即致命;選項 B 的 SpO2 91% 對肺炎病人來說是預期中的,可稍後處理;選項 C 的血糖雖偏低但仍在安全邊緣,非急性低血糖危機。

The client with a fractured femur reporting sudden shortness of breath and chest pain requires immediate assessment for fat embolism syndrome, a life-threatening complication affecting circulation and respiration. According to ABC priorities, acute respiratory and hemodynamic instability takes precedence over stable hypocalcemia symptoms, mild desaturation in pneumonia, or asymptomatic borderline hypoglycemia.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國 NCLEX 考試中,脂肪栓塞是骨科考題的常客,強調早期識別;台灣臨床實務中,骨科護理亦重視此併發症,但在分派優先順序時,台灣護理師有時會受到家屬抱怨或常規給藥時間影響,考試則須嚴守 ABC 原則。

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