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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位病人在甲狀腺切除術後 2 小時,護理師觀察到病人出現肌肉顫抖且 Chvostek's sign(叩擊顏面神經引起抽搐)呈陽性。護理師應準備好哪種藥物?

A client is 2 hours post-thyroidectomy. The nurse notes that the client is experiencing muscle tremors and a positive Chvostek's sign. Which medication should the nurse have readily available?

  • ASodium bicarbonate
    碳酸氫鈉
  • BCalcium gluconate✓ 正解
    葡萄糖酸鈣
  • CMagnesium sulfate
    硫酸鎂
  • DPotassium chloride
    氯化鉀
Explanation · 中文詳解

甲狀腺切除術最常見的併發症之一是意外損傷副甲狀腺。副甲狀腺負責分泌 PTH 來維持血鈣水平,損傷後會導致急性低血鈣。低血鈣會增加神經肌肉的興奮性,臨床徵象包括 Chvostek's sign、Trousseau's sign、手足抽搐(Tetany)或喉頭痙攣。葡萄糖酸鈣(Calcium gluconate)是緊急補充血鈣的首選藥物。這題考查術後併發症的評估與處置,護理師必須在床邊準備好氣切包與葡萄糖酸鈣,以應對可能的喉頭痙攣導致的呼吸道阻塞。

Accidental damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy can cause acute hypocalcemia, leading to neuromuscular irritability manifested by tremors and a positive Chvostek's sign. Calcium gluconate is the priority medication to administer immediately to treat tetany and prevent life-threatening laryngospasm.

✦ 台美臨床差異

美國醫院在甲狀腺手術後有標準化的「Hypocalcemia Protocol」,護理師可依據症狀直接啟動抽血並依照 Protocol 給藥;台灣通常需逐次回報醫師,由醫師確認數據後再開立鈣劑醫囑。

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