— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
哪些評估發現顯示成人個案正處於慢性壓力的生理表現？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings are indicative of the physical manifestations of chronic stress in an adult client? (Select all that apply.)
- APersistent muscle tension and headaches✓ 正解持續的肌肉緊繃和頭痛
- BIncreased susceptibility to common colds✓ 正解對普通感冒的易感性增加
- CElevated blood glucose levels✓ 正解升高的血糖水平
- DImproved sleep duration and quality睡眠時間和品質改善
- EGastrointestinal disturbances such as indigestion✓ 正解消化不良等胃腸道障礙
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性壓力持續活化下視丘-腦垂體-腎上腺軸（HPA axis），導致皮質醇長期升高。這會造成免疫系統抑制（易感冒）、肌肉緊張、消化道失調及血糖調節異常。睡眠障礙是常見症狀，而非睡眠改善。正確答案為 A、B、C、E。
Chronic stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, resulting in sustained elevated cortisol levels that suppress the immune system, increase blood glucose, cause muscle tension, and disrupt gastrointestinal function. Consequently, clients may experience frequent infections, headaches, indigestion, and sleep disturbances, rather than improved sleep quality.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於身心症（Psychosomatic）的認知無顯著差異，均強調壓力管理與護理衛教的重要性。