— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
對於一位患有重度憂鬱症且出現精神運動遲滯的個案，下列哪些護理措施適切？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with major depressive disorder who exhibits psychomotor retardation? (Select all that apply.)
- AAllow extra time for the client to complete activities of daily living✓ 正解允許病人額外時間完成日常生活活動
- BProvide frequent, short interactions throughout the day✓ 正解全天提供頻繁且短暫的互動
- CEncourage the client to join group activities immediately鼓勵病人立即參加團體活動
- DMonitor for suicidal ideation during periods of increased energy✓ 正解在能量增加期間監測自殺意念
- EUse simple, direct language when communicating✓ 正解溝通時使用簡單直接的語言
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
精神運動遲滯個案認知與動作變慢，應給予充足時間完成日常生活（ADL）。透過頻繁且短暫的陪伴建立連結，避免給予過大壓力。當抗憂鬱藥物起效導致精力回升時，自殺風險反而增加，需密切監測。溝通應簡單直接以減輕其腦力負擔。強制參加團體活動（C選項）反而會造成個案挫折與焦慮。
Nurses should allow extra time for ADLs, use simple language, and provide frequent short interactions to accommodate psychomotor retardation. Monitoring for suicide risk during periods of increased energy is crucial, whereas forcing group activities may overwhelm the client.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病房常因人力限制，較少機會提供頻繁短暫的個別陪伴；美國護理則更強調個別化照護計畫的執行。