護理師評估發現哪些徵兆是病人的自殺潛在警告信號？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should the nurse identify as warning signs of potential suicide in a client? (Select all that apply.)
- AGiving away prized possessions✓ 正解贈送珍愛物品
- BSudden improvement in mood following a period of depression✓ 正解在一段抑鬱期後情緒突然改善
- CIncreased socialization and group participation增加社交活動和團體參與
- DExpressing a sense of hopelessness or being a burden✓ 正解表達絕望感或覺得自己是他人的負擔
- ECollecting items that could be used for self-harm✓ 正解收集可用於自殘的物品
自殺預警徵兆反映了病人從「掙扎」轉向「決定結束」的過程。正確選項均為高風險指標：贈送貴重物品象徵告別；情緒突然好轉可能因已找到「解決方案」而如釋重負，這是極高危險期；表達絕望或無助感則顯示缺乏生存動力；囤積危險物品則是具體的自殺準備行為。護理重點在於識別這些行為改變，並立即進行自殺風險評估（Suicide Risk Assessment）。
Warning signs of potential suicide include giving away prized possessions, which signals preparation for death, and a sudden improvement in mood, which may indicate the client has resolved their internal conflict to commit suicide. Additionally, expressing hopelessness and collecting items for self-harm are critical indicators of high risk requiring immediate assessment.
在美國臨床環境中，對於有自殺風險的病人，護理師需執行『一對一監護』（1:1 observation/sitter），並進行環境安全檢查（Safety Sweep），移除所有潛在危險物，此規範較台灣臨床更為嚴格且標準化。