— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
一名經歷天然災害後診斷為創傷後壓力症候群（PTSD）的病人，下列哪些護理措施適合？（選所有適合的）
A client is diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a natural disaster. Which nursing actions are appropriate for supporting this client? (Select all that apply.)
- AEncourage the client to talk about the traumatic event frequently鼓勵病人頻繁談論創傷事件
- BProvide a safe, predictable, and calm environment✓ 正解提供安全、可預測且安靜的環境
- CRespect the client's need for social withdrawal at times尊重病人偶爾需要社交退縮的需求
- DTeach grounding techniques to manage flashbacks✓ 正解教導接地技巧以管理閃回症狀
- EMinimize forced exposure to trauma-related triggers✓ 正解盡量避免強制暴露於創傷相關觸發因素
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
照顧 PTSD 病人核心在於建立安全感與適應性應對機制。強制病人反覆述說經歷可能導致二次創傷。營造穩定環境、教導接地技巧（grounding techniques）以中斷解離或閃回，以及避免過度誘發刺激，皆是支持療法的基石。尊重病人需求但不等同於完全孤立，需保持合適的專業接觸與支持。
Supporting a client with PTSD involves providing a safe, predictable environment and teaching grounding techniques to manage flashbacks. Forced exposure or frequent narration of the trauma can cause retraumatization, so interventions should focus on stability and coping skills rather than forcing discussion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國心理衛生護理強調多專業團隊協作，台灣臨床多側重於急性期後的門診追蹤，對於 PTSD 的環境支持相對較依賴家屬。