— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
下列哪些症狀顯示個案正處於躁狂期？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following signs and symptoms indicate that a client is experiencing a manic episode? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased need for sleep✓ 正解睡眠需求減少
- BPressured speech✓ 正解語速急促
- CInflated self-esteem or grandiosity✓ 正解自我價值感膨脹或自大
- DIncreased involvement in goal-directed activities✓ 正解增加參與目標導向的活動
- EExcessive participation in activities with high potential for painful consequences✓ 正解過度參與具有高潛在痛苦後果的活動
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
躁狂發作的主要指標包含情緒高昂、活動力顯著增加、睡眠需求減少。病人常伴隨誇大想法，語速過快且難以打斷。由於判斷力受損，個案經常參與高風險活動（如過度消費、魯莽駕駛或性行為）。這些臨床特徵均符合 DSM-5 對躁狂發作的診斷準則。
Key indicators of a manic episode include an elevated mood, markedly increased activity, and a decreased need for sleep. Clients commonly exhibit grandiose ideas, rapid speech, and pressured speech that is difficult to interrupt. Due to impaired judgment, the client often engages in high-risk activities (such as excessive spending, reckless driving, or risky sexual behavior). These clinical features all align with the DSM-5 criteria for a manic episode.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對躁狂症急性期有極為嚴格的環境控制與隔離準則；台灣則受限於健保人力比，對病人的行動監控難度較高。