— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
下列哪些徵象暗示體液容積過多 (Fluid volume overload)？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following indicate fluid volume overload? (Select all that apply.)
- ACrackles in lungs✓ 正解肺部囉音
- BBounding pulse✓ 正解強而有力之脈搏
- CJVD (Jugular Venous Distention)✓ 正解頸靜脈怒張 (JVD)
- DWeight loss體重減輕
- EPeripheral edema✓ 正解周邊水腫
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
體液容積過多（Fluid volume overload）導致血管內壓力上升，進而影響心肺功能。臨床表現包括水腫、心血管負荷增加以及肺部積水。診斷重點在於「容積擴張」的徵象，如肺部聽診出現囉音（Crackles，代表肺水腫）、頸靜脈怒張（代表右心負荷過重）與脈搏強勁（Bounding pulse）。
Fluid volume overload manifests through signs of increased circulatory volume and pressure, including jugular venous distention, bounding pulses, and peripheral edema. As fluid accumulates in the interstitial spaces and lungs, crackles may be heard upon auscultation. Weight loss is inconsistent with this condition, as fluid retention typically results in weight gain.