— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師預備靜脈輸注氯化鉀，給藥前最重要的評估是什麼？
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV. Which assessment is priority before starting the infusion?
- APeripheral edema周邊水腫。
- BSerum glucose level血清葡萄糖濃度。
- CUrinary output✓ 正解尿液排出量。
- DBlood pressure血壓。
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
氯化鉀（Potassium chloride）靜脈輸注具有高度危險性，若過量或排除不良，會導致高血鉀症（Hyperkalemia），進而引發致命性心律不整（如心室顫動）。鉀離子主要經由腎臟排泄，因此在給藥前，必須評估病人的腎功能，確保尿量充足（通常 > 30 mL/hr），以證明病人具備代謝鉀離子的能力。
Assessing urinary output is the priority before administering intravenous potassium chloride because adequate kidney function is essential for excreting excess potassium. Insufficient urine output indicates potential renal impairment, which increases the risk of hyperkalemia and fatal arrhythmias. Ensuring the patient can metabolize and eliminate potassium safely is critical to preventing life-threatening cardiac complications.