— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位服用華法林（Warfarin）的病人。下列哪些表現顯示病人需要進一步的衛教？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client receiving warfarin therapy. Which findings indicate the client needs further education regarding safety? (Select all that apply.)
- AUses a soft-bristled toothbrush for oral hygiene使用軟毛牙刷進行口腔衛生
- BConsumes large amounts of green leafy vegetables daily✓ 正解每日大量攝取綠色葉菜類蔬菜
- CReports taking aspirin for headache relief✓ 正解報告因頭痛而服用阿斯匹靈
- DUses an electric razor for shaving使用電動刮鬍刀刮鬍
- EChecks stool for dark, tarry appearance檢查糞便是否有黑色焦油樣外觀
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
服用華法林需要穩定的維生素 K 攝取量，綠色葉菜類含有豐富維生素 K，攝取過量會拮抗藥效導致 INR 下降。此外，阿斯匹靈會增加出血風險，華法林使用者應避免併用。使用軟毛刷、電鬍刀與觀察糞便皆為正確的出血預防行為。
During an acute anxiety or panic episode, the priority is to ensure safety and reduce environmental stimuli to help de-escalate the client's distress. Staying with the client and maintaining a calm, quiet environment provides necessary support before attempting cognitive interventions or medication administration.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣病人對中藥與保健食品併用導致 INR 波動的風險認知較低，需特別加強衛教。