— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人靜脈注射萬古黴素（Vancomycin），出現哪些臨床徵象代表紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）？（選所有適合的）
A client is prescribed intravenous vancomycin. Which clinical findings indicate the development of 'Red Man Syndrome'? (Select all that apply.)
- AHypotension✓ 正解低血壓
- BFlushing of the face and neck✓ 正解面部及頸部潮紅
- CWheezing and throat tightness喘鳴音與喉嚨緊縮感
- DPruritus of the upper body✓ 正解上半身搔癢
- EGeneralized urticaria全身性蕁麻疹
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
紅人症候群是因萬古黴素輸注過快導致組織胺大量釋放的類過敏反應，常見表現為上半身潮紅、搔癢及低血壓。需與真正的 IgE 介導過敏反應（如蕁麻疹、呼吸窘迫）區分。處理方式為暫停輸注，待症狀改善後以較慢速率重新開始。
Red Man Syndrome is an anaphylactoid reaction caused by overly rapid infusion of vancomycin, leading to massive histamine release; it commonly presents as upper-body flushing, pruritus, and hypotension. It must be distinguished from a true IgE-mediated allergic reaction (such as urticaria or respiratory distress). Management consists of pausing the infusion and, after symptoms improve, restarting it at a slower rate.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫護對於 Vancomycin 給藥速率監測嚴格，台灣部分醫院若無專責藥師，需特別加強護理師對此副作用的警覺。