護理師在給予萬古黴素（Vancomycin）靜脈輸注時，應採取哪些措施以預防紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform when administering vancomycin via IV infusion to prevent Red Man Syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
- AAdminister the dose over at least 60 minutes✓ 正解將劑量於至少 60 分鐘內輸注完畢
- BPre-medicate with an antihistamine✓ 正解預防性給予抗組織胺
- CMonitor the patient for hypotension✓ 正解監測患者是否有低血壓
- DIncrease the infusion rate to finish within 30 minutes加快輸注速度以於 30 分鐘內完成
- ECheck the IV site for infiltration frequently頻繁檢查靜脈注射部位是否有滲漏
紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome）並非過敏反應，而是萬古黴素（Vancomycin）輸注速度過快引發的組織胺（Histamine）釋放現象。臨床表現為臉、頸、胸部潮紅、搔癢及低血壓。預防原則包含減慢輸注速度（至少 60 分鐘）、事前給予抗組織胺（如 Diphenhydramine），以及在輸注期間嚴密監測血壓變化。
Red Man Syndrome is not an allergic reaction but rather a histamine-release phenomenon triggered by overly rapid infusion of vancomycin. Clinical features include flushing of the face, neck, and chest, pruritus, and hypotension. Preventive principles include slowing the infusion rate (administering over at least 60 minutes), premedication with an antihistamine (such as diphenhydramine), and close blood pressure monitoring during the infusion.
美國醫院對於 Vancomycin 的給藥時間有嚴格的軟體警示（如 Epic, Cerner），通常要求濃度超過 1g 以上需延長至 90-120 分鐘。若發生紅人症候群，護理師通常依據 Protocol 暫停輸注，待症狀緩解後以更慢的速度重新開始，這點與台灣臨床實務一致。