— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師為需採取空氣傳播預防措施的病人計畫護理。應包含哪些項目？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is planning care for a client requiring airborne precautions. Which actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
- APlace the client in a negative-pressure airflow room✓ 正解將病人安置於負壓氣流病房
- BWear an N95 respirator mask when entering the room✓ 正解進入病房時佩戴N95呼吸器口罩
- CKeep the door closed at all times✓ 正解隨時保持房門關閉
- DUse a standard surgical mask for visitors為訪客使用標準外科口罩
- EEnsure the client wears a surgical mask during transport✓ 正解確保病人在轉送期間佩戴外科口罩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
空氣傳播預防（Airborne Precautions）適用於肺結核、麻疹、水痘。核心措施包括負壓隔離病房、嚴格門窗關閉、醫護人員配戴 N95 口罩。訪客不應配戴一般外科口罩，而應視狀況嚴格限制進入。病人離開病房時必須戴上外科口罩以減少病原外散。
Airborne precautions require placing the client in a negative-pressure room with the door kept closed to maintain the pressure gradient. Healthcare workers must wear N95 respirators, and clients should wear surgical masks during transport to minimize the spread of pathogens like tuberculosis or measles.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣醫院感染管制標準深受 CDC 指引影響，但在病房負壓室配置數量上，台灣因 SARS 經驗而有嚴格規範。