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生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ

一位診斷為急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS)的病人入院。護理師預期會出現哪項臨床表現?

A client is admitted with a diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Which clinical finding should the nurse anticipate?

  • AIncreased lung compliance
    肺部順應性增加
  • BHypoxemia that is refractory to oxygen therapy✓ 正解
    對氧氣治療無反應的低血氧
  • CRespiratory acidosis in the very early stage
    早期出現呼吸性酸中毒
  • DDecrease in pulmonary artery wedge pressure > 18 mmHg
    肺動脈楔壓下降超過 18 mmHg
Explanation · 中文詳解

ARDS 的核心特徵是「頑固性低血氧」(Refractory Hypoxemia),即給予高濃度氧氣後,血氧飽和度仍無法有效提升。這是因為肺泡表面張力素受損、肺泡塌陷以及間質水腫導致嚴重的通氣/灌流失調(V/Q mismatch)和分流(Shunting)。臨床思路:ARDS 是非心因性的肺水腫,因此肺動脈楔壓(PAWP)通常正常或偏低(<18 mmHg),這可與心衰竭區分(排除 D)。肺部會變得「僵硬」,即順應性(Compliance)降低而非增加(排除 A)。在早期,病人因呼吸急促會排出過多 CO2,通常先出現呼吸性鹼中毒而非酸中毒(排除 C)。掌握 ARDS 的定義與病理生理變化是作答關鍵。

Refractory hypoxemia is the hallmark clinical finding of ARDS, characterized by low PaO2 levels that persist despite high concentrations of supplemental oxygen. This results from ventilation-perfusion mismatch and shunting due to alveolar collapse and fluid accumulation, distinguishing it from cardiogenic pulmonary edema where PAWP would be elevated.

✦ 台美臨床差異

在美國 ICU 護理中,ARDS 病人常使用俯臥位(Prone positioning)來改善 V/Q 比,護理師需主導複雜的翻身流程;台灣臨床也逐漸推廣 Prone positioning,但對於 PAWP 的監測已較少使用侵入性 Swan-Ganz 導管,更多依賴超音波評估。

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