— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
病人診斷為抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群 (SIADH)。護理師應預期哪項檢驗結果?
A client is diagnosed with SIADH. Which laboratory result should the nurse expect?
- ASerum osmolality 310 mOsm/kg血清滲透壓 310 mOsm/kg
- BUrine specific gravity 1.002尿液比重 1.002
- CSerum sodium 128 mEq/L✓ 正解血清鈉 128 mEq/L
- DIncreased hematocrit紅血球比容增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
抗利尿激素分泌不當症候群 (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone, SIADH) 是一種內分泌失調,其特徵是抗利尿激素 (ADH) 分泌過多,導致腎臟對水分的重吸收增加,進而引起體內水分過度滯留。雖然身體總鈉量可能正常或輕微減少,但由於水分過多,會導致血液稀釋,表現為稀釋性低血鈉 (dilutional hyponatremia)。同時,腎臟持續重吸收水分,導致尿液濃縮,尿液比重和滲透壓升高,而血漿滲透壓則會下降。護理師應熟悉這些實驗室數值變化,以便準確評估和監測 SIADH 病人。
SIADH causes excessive water retention, leading to hemodilution and dilutional hyponatremia, so the nurse expects a low serum sodium level. Consequently, urine becomes concentrated with high specific gravity, while serum osmolality decreases and hematocrit drops due to dilution.