一名 25 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案因心悸與呼吸困難就診。在急性恐慌發作時，護理師應採取的最適當介入為何？
A 25-year-old client with generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic reporting palpitations and shortness of breath. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate during an acute panic attack?
- AEncourage the client to discuss the source of their anxiety鼓勵病人討論焦慮的來源
- BAdminister an as-needed dose of beta-blockers immediately立即給予按需劑量的乙型阻斷劑
- CInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示病人用紙袋呼吸
- DSpeak in short, simple sentences with a calm tone✓ 正解用平靜的語調說短句
恐慌發作期間，個案知覺窄化，無法處理複雜資訊。保持冷靜並使用簡短明確的指令能增加安全感，降低刺激。紙袋呼吸法已被現代指南廢除，可能導致缺氧；發作時談論誘發因素會加劇焦慮；藥物需依醫囑，非首要護理動作。
During a panic attack, the client's perception narrows and complex information cannot be processed. Remaining calm and using brief, clear instructions increases the client's sense of safety and decreases stimulation. Paper bag breathing has been abandoned by modern guidelines because it can cause hypoxia; exploring triggering factors during an attack will worsen anxiety; and medication requires a prescription and is not the primary nursing intervention.
美方護理師在緊急情況下更有自主權運用減壓技巧，台灣臨床常傾向立即給予鎮靜藥物（PRN）。