— 生理適應 · HARD · MCQ —
一位急性胰臟炎病人正接受全靜脈營養（TPN）。哪項發現需要立即護理介入？
A client with acute pancreatitis is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which finding requires immediate nursing intervention?
- AWeight gain of 1 kg in 24 hours24 小時內體重增加 1 公斤
- BTPN bag is empty and no new bag is available✓ 正解全靜脈營養（TPN）袋已空且無新袋可用
- CSite of insertion shows slight erythema插入口處呈現輕微發紅
- DBlood glucose of 180 mg/dL血糖為 180 mg/dL
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
TPN 若中斷未補，病人極易發生嚴重低血糖。必須立即懸掛 D10W 以防血糖驟降。A（血糖 180）需調整胰島素但非最緊急；B（增重）代表液體負荷需評估，但不比低血糖危險；D（紅斑）提示導管感染風險，需監控但非立即生命威脅。
For a 30-year-old woman at average risk, the most appropriate advice is to practice breast self-awareness to recognize any changes in breast tissue. Routine annual mammograms are generally not recommended until later ages, and waiting for symptoms before screening is not considered best practice for early detection.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院針對 TPN 斷供有嚴格的應變程序；台灣醫院對此類營養劑量管控更為嚴謹，多由藥師配置。