— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位急性胰臟炎病患因劇烈腹痛與噁心入院，醫師醫囑禁食（NPO）。請問此醫囑背後的生理機轉為何？
A client with acute pancreatitis presents with severe abdominal pain and nausea. The physician prescribes NPO status. Which physiological rationale supports this intervention?
- ATo prepare the client for an emergency cholecystectomy為病人進行緊急膽囊切除術做準備
- BTo prevent the release of pancreatic enzymes by stopping gastrointestinal stimulation✓ 正解透過停止胃腸道刺激，防止胰臟酵素釋放
- CTo facilitate the administration of intravenous antibiotics便於給予靜脈注射抗生素
- DTo allow for accurate assessment of bowel sounds以利準確評估腸鳴音
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
急性胰臟炎的核心處理原則在於讓胰臟「休息」。攝取食物會刺激胰泌素與膽囊收縮素的分泌，進而激發胰臟酵素的分泌。在炎症期間，若酵素持續分泌，會導致組織自我消化，加重炎症與疼痛。禁食可阻斷此刺激鏈，減輕胰臟負擔。
Keeping the client NPO allows the pancreas to rest by preventing gastrointestinal stimulation, which triggers the release of digestive enzymes. In acute pancreatitis, these enzymes can cause autodigestion of the pancreatic tissue, worsening inflammation and pain. Therefore, minimizing food intake reduces enzymatic secretion and alleviates the inflammatory process.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫院常見護理師依醫囑執行，台灣則常在醫師評估後由護理師衛教禁食的重要性並嚴格執行。