— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師要預防困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（C. difficile）傳播，採取哪項措施最有效？
Which action is most effective for a nurse to take to prevent the transmission of Clostridium difficile?
- ARestrict all visitors from the room禁止所有訪客進入病房
- BPerform hand hygiene using soap and water✓ 正解使用肥皂和水進行手部衛生
- CUse alcohol-based hand sanitizer使用酒精性乾洗手液
- DWear a mask for all patient interactions在所有病人互動期間佩戴口罩
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
困難梭狀芽孢桿菌（C. difficile）會產生具高度抗性的芽孢（spores），這些芽孢無法被酒精類乾洗手液殺滅。根據疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）的接觸隔離（Contact Precautions）指引，預防傳播的核心在於機械性移除，即使用肥皂和水洗手，利用摩擦力將芽孢從皮膚表面洗掉。此為臨床照護中的優先感染控制措施，旨在切斷傳染鏈。
Soap and water must be used for hand hygiene because mechanical friction is required to physically remove Clostridium difficile spores, which are resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers. Adhering to CDC contact precaution guidelines ensures that the infectious spores are effectively cleared from the hands, thereby breaking the chain of transmission.
✦ 台美臨床差異
在美國醫院，一旦病人確診或疑似 C. diff 感染，必須嚴格執行 Contact Precautions（著隔離衣與手套），且手部衛生嚴禁使用乾洗手，必須執行 Soap and Water。這點在 NCLEX 考試中是絕對考點。