— 生理適應 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
一位肺氣腫病人出現呼吸性酸中毒,下列何者為其代償機制?
A client with emphysema presents with respiratory acidosis. Which finding is the compensatory mechanism?
- AIncreased excretion of hydrogen ions增加氫離子的排泄
- BIncreased bicarbonate retention by kidneys✓ 正解腎臟增加碳酸氫根的保留
- CDecreased respiratory rate降低呼吸頻率
- DHyperventilation to blow off CO2過度通氣以排出 CO2
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
針對呼吸性酸中毒(CO2 滯留),身體的長期代償機制是由腎臟進行。腎臟透過減少碳酸氫根離子的排出(重吸收增加),以平衡過多的酸。選項 D 的過度換氣屬於呼吸性代償,但在肺氣腫病人身上,其呼吸功能已受損,無法有效透過呼吸代償。
The kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis by retaining bicarbonate to buffer excess hydrogen ions and normalize pH levels. Since patients with emphysema have compromised lung function, they cannot effectively use hyperventilation to blow off carbon dioxide, making renal compensation the primary long-term mechanism.
✦ 台美臨床差異
臨床上判讀動脈血氣分析時,兩地護理師均需熟練運用這些代償原則來協助醫師進行治療判斷。