— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
一位第一型糖尿病病人被發現意識不清，無反應。護理師應採取的適當行動為何？
A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is found unconscious and unresponsive. Which action is appropriate?
- AAdminister intramuscular glucagon✓ 正解給予肌肉注射升糖素
- BAdminister 15g of oral glucose給予 15g 口服葡萄糖
- CAssess for a carotid pulse評估頸動脈脈搏
- DCheck the client's blood glucose level測量病人血糖
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
病人意識不清且無反應，無法透過口服攝取葡萄糖（B 選項會導致嗆咳或吸入性肺炎）。在臨床場域，若無法立即靜脈給藥，肌肉注射升糖素（Glucagon）是提升血糖的最快應急方式。此狀況需優先解決低血糖危機。
An unconscious client with suspected severe hypoglycemia cannot safely take oral glucose due to aspiration risk. Intramuscular glucagon is the appropriate emergency intervention to rapidly raise blood glucose levels when IV access is not immediately available. Prompt treatment is essential to reverse the life-threatening condition.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國急診與病房皆普遍備有 Glucagon 救護車或急救車，台灣多依賴靜脈給予 D50W，肌肉注射升糖素使用率相對較低。