— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師正在照護一位有慢性支氣管炎病史的病人。哪項介入措施對預防急性惡化最重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic bronchitis. Which intervention is most important for preventing exacerbations?
- AEncourage fluid intake鼓勵攝取水分
- BAdminister antibiotics during exacerbations在急性發作期間給予抗生素
- CProvide annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations✓ 正解提供年度流感疫苗與肺炎球菌疫苗接種
- DAdminister bronchodilators as needed按需給予支氣管擴張劑
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性支氣管炎病人因呼吸道黏膜受損，容易感染。流感和肺炎鏈球菌是引起急性惡化的常見病原體，接種疫苗是預防感染和惡化的最有效手段。支氣管擴張劑、水分攝取和急性期抗生素是治療措施，但預防疫苗接種是預防惡化的首要任務。
Annual influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations are critical for clients with chronic bronchitis because respiratory infections are common triggers for acute exacerbations. While bronchodilators and fluids manage symptoms, immunization is the primary preventive strategy against infection-related worsening.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美國醫療體系強烈建議 COPD 病人每年接種流感疫苗，並有專門的計畫推廣；台灣也重視疫苗接種，但病人對疫苗價值的認知與取得便利性可能影響接種率。