— 心理社會完整性 · HARD · SATA —
一位思覺失調症病人出現負性症狀，護理師預期會評估到哪些表現？（選所有適合的）
A client with schizophrenia is exhibiting negative symptoms. Which findings should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.)
- AAuditory hallucinations聽覺幻覺
- BAvolition✓ 正解意志缺乏
- CFlat affect✓ 正解情感平淡
- DSocial withdrawal✓ 正解社交退縮
- EDelusional thinking妄想性思維
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
思覺失調症的負性症狀涉及功能的喪失或減退。A（幻聽）與 E（妄想）屬於陽性症狀，表現為異常的增加或扭曲。負性症狀則包含無意志力（Avolition）、平坦情感（Flat affect）及社交退縮（Social withdrawal），這些症狀對功能的影響通常較持久且難以治療。
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia involve a loss or diminution of normal functions, such as avolition, flat affect, and social withdrawal. In contrast, auditory hallucinations and delusional thinking are classified as positive symptoms because they represent an excess or distortion of normal behavior.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣思覺失調症的照護強調社區復健與長效針劑使用，以緩解長期負性症狀對社會功能的損害。