— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的病人，出現呼吸急促、心跳過快及強烈的瀕死感。護理師應優先採取何種措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, tachycardia, and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention is the most appropriate for the nurse to implement first?
- AAsk the client to explain the source of their anxiety請病人說明焦慮的來源
- BAdminister an as-needed dose of alprazolam給予處方之阿普唑侖 (alprazolam) 劑量
- CInstruct the client to breathe into a paper bag指示病人對著紙袋呼吸
- DMaintain a calm demeanor and stay with the client✓ 正解保持鎮定態度並陪伴病人
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
面對恐慌發作（Panic attack）的病人，護理師應提供「存在感（Presence）」以傳遞安全感。恐慌發作時，病人常有瀕死感與失去控制的焦慮，護理師保持冷靜、穩定且陪伴在側，能有效減少病人的無助感。此時不宜進行深度的心理分析或要求病人解釋原因，因為這會增加其認知負擔。重點應放在環境減壓與情緒支持，引導病人進行簡單的深呼吸練習。
During a panic attack, the nurse should provide a calm presence to help reduce the client's anxiety and sense of impending doom. Deep processing or requiring explanations increases cognitive load and is inappropriate during the acute phase. Physical interventions like paper bags are discouraged due to safety risks.