— 照護管理 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師照護一位失智症且躁動的病人，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who is agitated. Which interventions should the nurse perform? (Select all that apply.)
- AReduce environmental stimuli✓ 正解減少環境刺激
- BUse physical restraints immediately立即使用身體約束
- CUse a calm, low-pitched voice✓ 正解使用平靜、低沉的語調
- DProvide a structured routine✓ 正解提供結構化的日常作息
- EExplain the reality of the situation repeatedly反覆向病人說明現實情況
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
失智症病人躁動時，常是因為對環境感到混亂或焦慮。護理師應致力於提供一個穩定、可預測的環境，減少感官刺激，並以溫和的聲音溝通。規律的作息（Structured routine）能增加病人的安全感。物理約束（Restraints）是最後手段，僅在病人有明顯自傷或傷人風險且其他方法失效時，經由醫師評估後方可使用。
Reducing environmental stimuli and providing a structured routine help minimize confusion and agitation in clients with dementia by creating a predictable environment. Using a calm, low-pitched voice aids in de-escalating anxiety without overwhelming the client. Physical restraints should be avoided as a first-line intervention due to safety risks, and repeatedly explaining reality may increase distress rather than alleviate it.