— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師對新手媽媽進行母乳哺育與嬰兒營養衛教。哪些做法是正確的？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is teaching a new mother about breastfeeding and infant nutrition. Which practices are recommended? (Select all that apply.)
- AExclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months✓ 正解前6個月純母乳哺育
- BDelay introduction of solid foods until 6 months of age✓ 正解延遲至6個月大才引入固體食物
- CAvoid honey until 12 months of age✓ 正解1歲前避免食用蜂蜜
- DIntroduce iron-fortified cereals as the first solid food✓ 正解以強化鐵質的穀物作為第一種固體食物
- EOffer plain cow's milk at 4 months to prevent allergies4個月時提供純牛奶以預防過敏
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
WHO 與 AAP 建議前 6 個月純母乳哺育，之後才添加副食品。蜂蜜需在 1 歲後才能食用以防肉毒桿菌中毒。嬰兒首選副食品應為富含鐵質的穀類。E 錯誤：1 歲前不應攝取全脂牛奶，因會損害嬰兒腎臟且增加腸道出血風險。
The priority nursing action is to discontinue the infusion immediately to prevent further tissue damage from potassium extravasation, which causes irritation and potential necrosis. Slowing the rate or applying cold compresses is ineffective, and notifying the provider occurs after stopping the harmful infusion.
✦ 台美臨床差異
兩國衛生單位對嬰兒營養建議高度趨同，台灣國民健康署亦推廣 6 個月純母乳哺育。