— 心理社會完整性 · EASY · MCQ —
一位 25 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的客戶來到門診，主訴持續擔憂且難以集中注意力。下列哪項評估發現最符合此診斷？
A 25-year-old client with generalized anxiety disorder presents to the clinic with reports of constant worry and difficulty concentrating. Which assessment finding is most consistent with this diagnosis?
- AHypervigilance and muscle tension✓ 正解過度警覺與肌肉緊張
- BFlashbacks and avoidance behaviors閃回與逃避行為
- CFeelings of hopelessness and anhedonia無望感與失樂感
- DRecurrent obsessions and compulsions反覆出現的強迫觀念與強迫行為
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
廣泛性焦慮症（Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD）的病人長期處於對未來或生活瑣事的過度擔憂中，這種持續的心理壓力會轉化為生理上的交感神經亢進。過度警覺（Hypervigilance）與肌肉緊張（Muscle tension）是 GAD 最具代表性的軀體化症狀。病人常因無法放鬆，導致睡眠障礙與易怒，這與憂鬱症或強迫症的症狀有明顯區別。診斷時需排除其他心理疾患，並確認這些症狀對病人的日常生活造成顯著干擾。
Muscle tension and hypervigilance are core physiological manifestations of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), resulting from chronic sympathetic nervous system activation due to persistent worry. These somatic symptoms distinguish GAD from other disorders such as PTSD, major depression, or OCD.