— 心理社會完整性 · MEDIUM · SATA —
針對輕度失智症個案，下列哪些護理措施適當？（選所有適合的）
Which of the following interventions are appropriate for a client diagnosed with mild dementia? (Select all that apply.)
- AUse clocks and calendars to provide orientation cues✓ 正解使用時鐘和日曆提供定向提示
- BEstablish a consistent daily routine to reduce anxiety✓ 正解建立固定的日常作息以減少焦慮
- CCorrect the client whenever they make a factual error當個案出現事實錯誤時予以糾正
- DEncourage participation in familiar social activities✓ 正解鼓勵參與熟悉的社交活動
- EProvide simple, step-by-step instructions for tasks✓ 正解提供簡單、分步驟的任務指示
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
輕度失智症病人的照護重點在於促進定向感與減少環境壓力。使用輔助工具（如時鐘、日曆）能幫助病人建立時間與空間感；規律的作息能降低因環境變化產生的焦慮；步驟化的指導可減輕認知負荷；鼓勵參與社交能維持大腦活性與心理健康。臨床思路應是「肯定護理」（Validation Therapy），而非糾正錯誤，避免衝突。
Care for clients with mild dementia focuses on maintaining orientation and reducing anxiety through consistent routines, environmental cues like clocks, and simple step-by-step instructions. Nurses should encourage social participation and use validation therapy rather than correcting factual errors, which can lead to frustration and agitation.