— 生理適應 · EASY · MCQ —
護理師照護一位新診斷慢性腎臟病的病人，下列哪項飲食衛教內容最重要？
A nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which dietary instruction is most important for the nurse to emphasize?
- AIncrease daily fluid intake to 3 liters每日增加液體攝取量至3公升
- BMonitor and limit potassium-rich foods✓ 正解監測並限制富含鉀的食物
- CEliminate all carbohydrates完全排除碳水化合物
- DIncrease intake of high-protein foods增加高蛋白食物的攝取
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
慢性腎臟病（CKD）導致排泄鉀離子能力下降，高血鉀會引起致命性的心律不整。因此控制攝取含鉀食物（如香蕉、柑橘、深綠色蔬菜）對於預防心臟併發症至關重要。蛋白質需要量依分期調整（通常限制），水分需視尿量與水腫程度而定，不應盲目增加。
Chronic kidney disease impairs the kidneys' ability to excrete potassium, making hyperkalemia a life-threatening complication that can cause fatal arrhythmias. Therefore, monitoring and limiting potassium-rich foods is the most critical dietary instruction. Protein intake is often restricted to reduce renal workload, and fluid intake is limited in later stages to prevent edema and heart failure.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣臨床常見強調「限制鉀磷」；美國護理師常依腎臟專科營養師（RD）計畫執行，較強調全方位代謝控制。