一位護理師正在為一位接受全髖關節置換術的病人準備出院。哪項出院指示對預防併發症最重要？
A nurse is preparing a client for discharge after a total hip replacement. Which discharge instruction is most important for preventing complications?
- AIncrease fluid intake to 3 liters per day.將水分攝取量增加至每天 3 公升
- BAvoid crossing the legs.✓ 正解避免交叉雙腿
- CPerform deep breathing exercises hourly.每小時進行深呼吸運動
- DApply heat packs to the surgical site daily.每日在手術部位應用熱敷包
全髖關節置換術後（Total Hip Replacement, THA）最嚴重的併發症為髖關節脫位（Dislocation）。為預防脫位，病人應遵守『髖關節預防措施（Hip Precautions）』：避免髖關節屈曲超過 90 度、避免內收（adduction）超過身體中線（即雙腿不可交叉）、避免內旋。其中『避免交叉雙腿』直接預防內收性脫位，是出院衛教中最關鍵的指導。深呼吸練習、增加水分及熱敷雖屬一般術後護理，但皆非預防特定髖部併發症的優先指導。
To prevent hip dislocation, clients must adhere to hip precautions, specifically avoiding adduction past the midline, which means they should not cross their legs. This instruction is critical because crossing the legs increases the risk of the femoral head slipping out of the acetabulum, whereas other measures like hydration or deep breathing do not directly address joint stability.
美國醫院常見「Sepsis Alert」系統，當護理師評估病人符合 SIRS 或 qSOFA 標準時，會觸發緊急反應小組。護理師必須具備在第一時間啟動此機制的判斷力，並與醫師協調快速給藥。