一位 45 歲患有廣泛性焦慮症的個案，出現呼吸急促、心悸及瀕死感。護理師應首要採取何項介入措施？
A 45-year-old client with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presents with rapid breathing, heart palpitations, and a sense of impending doom. Which intervention is most appropriate for the nurse to perform first?
- AInstruct the client to take deep, slow breaths✓ 正解指導病人進行深而緩慢的呼吸
- BAsk the client what triggered this current episode詢問病人是什麼觸發了這次發作
- CAdminister an as-needed dose of benzodiazepine給予適量苯二氮平類藥物（benzodiazepine）
- DEncourage the client to ventilate their fears鼓勵病人抒發其恐懼
面對急性焦慮發作，首要目標為穩定生理狀況，降低過度換氣帶來的身體不適感。引導深慢呼吸能刺激迷走神經，促進副交感神經反應。其餘選項在危機處理階段皆非優先，探討成因應在情緒平復後進行，藥物需確認醫囑及病人狀況。
During an acute anxiety or panic attack, the priority is to stabilize the client's physiological status by reducing hyperventilation and sympathetic arousal. Guiding the client through slow, deep breathing stimulates the vagus nerve and promotes parasympathetic activity, which helps regulate the autonomic nervous system. Other interventions, such as identifying triggers or administering medication, are secondary to immediate non-pharmacological stabilization.
美台護理人員在處理焦慮時均強調穩定呼吸。美國護理師執行護理指導較依賴獨立判斷，台灣臨床則更常依賴醫師指示給予抗焦慮藥物。