護理師正準備為病人靜脈輸注 Vancomycin 1g。輸注開始不久，病人出現皮膚潮紅及搔癢感。護理師的優先處置為何？
A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin 1g IVPB to a client. The nurse observes the client's skin flushing and feeling pruritic shortly after the infusion begins. What is the nurse's priority action?
- ADiscontinue the medication停止給藥
- BAdminister an antihistamine給予抗組織胺
- CObtain vital signs測量生命徵象
- DSlow the infusion rate✓ 正解減慢輸注速率
此反應為 Vancomycin 常見的紅人症候群（Red Man Syndrome），由輸注過快導致組織胺釋放引起。處理方式是暫停或減慢滴速，而非立即停藥。若症狀持續或嚴重才需抗組織胺或停藥。優先處理輸注速度能有效緩解此類非過敏性副反應。
The client is experiencing Red Man Syndrome, a histamine-mediated reaction caused by rapid vancomycin infusion, characterized by flushing and pruritus. The priority action is to slow the infusion rate, which usually resolves the symptoms without discontinuing the medication. Immediate discontinuation is reserved for signs of true anaphylaxis, while antihistamines are secondary interventions if slowing the rate is insufficient.
美國護理師常依據給藥指引調整滴速，台灣醫院多強調異常需立即停止並通報醫師評估。