護理師準備為低血鉀病人靜脈輸注氯化鉀，應採取哪些措施？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is preparing to administer potassium chloride IV to a client with hypokalemia. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- AVerify that the client has adequate urine output✓ 正解確認病人有足夠的尿液排出量
- BAdminister the dose as an IV bolus to correct the deficit quickly以靜脈推注方式給藥以快速補充缺失
- CEnsure the concentration does not exceed 10 mEq/hour in a peripheral line✓ 正解確保周邊靜脈輸注濃度不超過10 mEq/小時
- DAssess the IV site for signs of phlebitis✓ 正解評估靜脈穿刺處是否有靜脈炎跡象
- EUse an electronic infusion pump for administration✓ 正解使用電子輸液幫浦進行給藥
鉀離子輸注具有高度風險。首先，若無尿（尿量不足）則不可輸鉀，以免導致致命高血鉀。其次，鉀離子必須使用輸液幫浦且濃度嚴格限制（周邊靜脈通常不超過 10 mEq/hr），且絕對禁止靜脈推注（bolus）以防心律不整。最後，因鉀離子具強烈刺激性，需嚴密觀察血管周邊有無發炎或外滲。
Potassium chloride is a high-alert medication that must never be administered as an IV bolus due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrest. Administration requires an electronic infusion pump to ensure precise dosing, typically limited to 10 mEq/hour via a peripheral line to prevent vein irritation. The nurse must verify adequate urine output to ensure renal excretion and assess the IV site for phlebitis, as potassium is highly irritating to tissues.
台美均將氯化鉀列為高警訊藥物（High-Alert Medication），但美國醫院通常有更嚴格的雙重核對軟體系統。