— 降低風險 · MEDIUM · MCQ —
護理師準備給予病人靜脈注射氯化鉀，下列哪項措施對確保病人安全至關重要？
A nurse is preparing to administer IV potassium chloride to a client. Which nursing action is essential to ensure client safety?
- AEnsure the client has not voided for 4 hours確保病人已 4 小時未排尿
- BAdminister the medication via IV push經靜脈推注給藥
- CFlush the IV line with dextrose 5% in water before administration給藥前用 5% 葡萄糖水沖洗靜脈管路
- DVerify that the infusion rate does not exceed 10 mEq/hour in peripheral IV✓ 正解確認周邊靜脈輸注速率不超過 10 mEq/小時
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
鉀離子靜脈給藥極具風險，絕對禁止靜脈推注（IV push），必須稀釋並透過輸液幫浦給予，且周邊靜脈給藥速度不得超過 10 mEq/hr。給藥前必須確認病人腎功能正常及尿量充足，以預防高血鉀導致的心律不整。
Potassium chloride must never be administered via IV push due to the risk of fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Peripheral infusion rates should generally not exceed 10 mEq/hour to prevent vein irritation and systemic toxicity.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台美皆嚴格遵守鉀離子安全給藥規範，惟美國對於超過 10 mEq/hr 需中央靜脈導管（CVC）及心電圖監測的指引更為具體。