— 藥理與非經腸給藥 · HARD · SATA —
病人出現毛地黃（Digoxin）中毒時，護理師應評估到哪些臨床表現？（選所有適合的）
Which assessment findings should a nurse expect in a client experiencing digoxin toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
- AYellow-green halos around lights✓ 正解燈光周圍出現黃綠色光暈
- BNausea and vomiting✓ 正解噁心和嘔吐
- CBradycardia✓ 正解心搏過緩
- DIncreased urinary output尿量增加
- EVisual blurring✓ 正解視力模糊
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
毛地黃治療窗窄，中毒徵兆包含腸胃道症狀（噁心、嘔吐）、心血管症狀（心搏過緩、心律不整）以及視覺異常（黃綠光暈、視力模糊）。多尿並非中毒指標。護理重點在於監測心跳，若小於 60 次/分需暫停給藥並回報。
Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic window. Signs of toxicity include gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting), cardiovascular symptoms (bradycardia, arrhythmia), and visual abnormalities (yellow-green halos, blurred vision). Polyuria is not an indicator of toxicity. The nursing focus is on monitoring the heart rate; if it falls below 60 beats per minute, the medication must be held and reported.
✦ 台美臨床差異
台灣目前使用毛地黃的頻率相較以往降低，但在心房顫動治療上仍具重要性。美國護理師常教導病人居家脈搏監測法，台灣則較強調藥物衛教與定期回診檢測血中濃度。