— 生理適應 · EASY · SATA —
護理師照顧一位心衰竭病人。下列哪些發現暗示病人有液體體積過多（Fluid Volume Overload）？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is caring for a client with a history of heart failure. Which of the following findings indicate the client is experiencing fluid volume overload? (Select all that apply.)
- ADistended neck veins (JVD)✓ 正解頸靜脈怒張（JVD）
- BPresence of crackles in the lungs✓ 正解肺部出現囉音
- CDependent edema✓ 正解下垂部位水腫
- DWeight loss體重減輕
- EBounding pulse✓ 正解脈搏強而有力
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
心衰竭（Heart Failure）病人出現體液負荷過重（Fluid Volume Overload）的徵象包括：頸靜脈怒張（JVD，因右心負荷增加）、肺部濕囉音（Crackles，因肺水腫）、周邊水腫（Dependent edema，因靜脈壓升高）以及脈搏跳躍（Bounding pulse，因血容積增加）。體重減輕則通常與脫水有關。
Fluid volume overload in heart failure presents with signs of increased intravascular volume and venous pressure, such as distended neck veins, crackles in the lungs, dependent edema, and a bounding pulse. These findings result from the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to fluid retention. Weight loss is indicative of fluid deficit rather than overload.