— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師評估一位 70 歲老人。下列哪些屬於正常老化改變？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is performing a health assessment on a 70-year-old client. Which of the following is considered a normal age-related change? (Select all that apply.)
- ADecreased production of saliva✓ 正解唾液分泌減少
- BDecreased visual acuity in near vision (presbyopia)✓ 正解近視力視覺敏銳度下降（老花眼）
- CIncrease in subcutaneous fat leading to rapid heat loss皮下脂肪增加導致熱量快速流失
- DDecreased lung elasticity✓ 正解肺彈性下降
- EIncrease in cognitive processing speed認知處理速度增加
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
老化過程包括生理功能衰退，如唾液減少導致口乾、老花眼、肺部彈性下降導致氣體交換效率降低。選項 C 錯誤，老人常見皮下脂肪減少（而非增加）導致體溫調節能力變差。選項 E 錯誤，老化通常伴隨處理速度減慢，非增加。
The aging process involves decline of physiologic functions, such as decreased salivary secretion leading to dry mouth, presbyopia, and reduced pulmonary elasticity resulting in decreased efficiency of gas exchange. Option C is incorrect because older adults commonly have decreased (not increased) subcutaneous fat, which impairs thermoregulation. Option E is incorrect because aging is usually accompanied by slower processing speed, not an increase.
✦ 台美臨床差異
美台對於老化的生理衛教內容並無顯著差異，均強調適應老化後的居家環境調整。