— 健康促進與維護 · MEDIUM · SATA —
護理師正在向一位年長者客戶提供預防跌倒的教育。下列何者是跌倒的可改變風險因子？（選所有適合的）
A nurse is providing education on fall prevention for an older adult client. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for falls? (Select all that apply.)
- AVision impairment視力障礙
- BUse of certain medications (e.g., sedatives, diuretics)✓ 正解使用某些藥物（例如：鎮靜劑、利尿劑）
- CFoot problems (e.g., bunions, foot pain)✓ 正解足部問題（例如：拇趾外翻、足痛）
- DDizziness頭暈
- EImproper footwear✓ 正解穿著不適當的鞋子
— Explanation · 中文詳解 —
跌倒預防是年長者護理的核心。可改變的風險因子（Modifiable risk factors）是指透過護理介入、用藥調整或環境改善可以修正的因素。藥物副作用、足部問題與鞋類選擇直接影響步態與平衡，屬於護理師可積極介入的領域。對於視力與頭暈，雖然部分可治療，但常為慢性疾病的一部分，較難完全消除，故相比之下，藥物與環境調整是更直接的「可改變」標的。
Modifiable risk factors for falls include medication side effects, foot problems, and improper footwear, as these can be directly addressed through nursing interventions. While vision impairment and dizziness are risks, they are often less immediately modifiable than environmental or pharmacological factors.